Konkireti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo (SFRC) ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi zomwe zimatha kutsanulidwa ndikupopera powonjezera ulusi wachitsulo waufupi woyenera mu konkireti wamba. Yakula mofulumira kunyumba ndi kunja m'zaka zaposachedwa. Imagonjetsa zofooka za mphamvu yochepa yokoka, kutalika kochepa komanso kusweka kwa konkireti. Ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga mphamvu yokoka, kukana kupindika, kukana kudulidwa, kukana ming'alu, kukana kutopa komanso kulimba kwambiri. Yagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya wamadzimadzi, misewu ndi mlatho, zomangamanga ndi zina zambiri.

 

一.Kupanga konkriti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo

 

Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi (FRC) ndi chidule cha konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi. Nthawi zambiri ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi simenti chomwe chimapangidwa ndi simenti, matope kapena konkire ndi ulusi wachitsulo, ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kapena zinthu zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe. Ndi zipangizo zatsopano zomangira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kufalitsa ulusi waufupi ndi wosalala mofanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokoka, kutalika kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa alkali mu matrix ya konkire. Ulusi mu konkire ukhoza kuchepetsa kupanga ming'alu yoyambirira mu konkire ndi kukulirakulira kwa ming'alu pansi pa mphamvu yakunja, kuthana bwino ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhalapo monga mphamvu yochepa yokoka, kusweka kosavuta komanso kukana kutopa kwa konkire, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi, osalowa madzi, kukana chisanu ndi chitetezo cholimbitsa konkire. Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi, makamaka konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo, yakopa chidwi chochulukira m'magulu amaphunziro ndi uinjiniya mu uinjiniya wothandiza chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake apamwamba. 1907 Katswiri wa Soviet B П. Hekpocab adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo; Mu 1910, HF Porter adasindikiza lipoti lofufuza pa konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi waufupi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ulusi waufupi wachitsulo uyenera kufalikira mofanana mu konkire kuti ulimbikitse zipangizo za matrix; Mu 1911, Graham wa ku United States anawonjezera ulusi wachitsulo mu konkire wamba kuti akonze mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa konkire; Pofika m'ma 1940, United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan ndi mayiko ena anali atachita kafukufuku wambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachitsulo kuti akonze kukana kuwonongeka ndi kukana ming'alu ya konkire, ukadaulo wopanga konkire wa ulusi wachitsulo, ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a ulusi wachitsulo kuti akonze mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa ulusi ndi matrix ya konkire; Mu 1963, JP romualdi ndi GB Batson adasindikiza pepala lonena za njira yopangira ming'alu ya konkire yolumikizidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo, ndipo adapereka lingaliro lakuti mphamvu ya ming'alu ya konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtunda wapakati wa ulusi wachitsulo womwe umagwira ntchito bwino pakukakamiza kwa tensile (lingaliro la mtunda wa ulusi), motero kuyambitsa gawo lothandiza la chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopanozi. Mpaka pano, ndi kufalikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo, chifukwa cha kufalikira kosiyanasiyana kwa ulusi mu konkire, pali mitundu inayi makamaka: konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo, konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wosakanizidwa, konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wosakanizidwa ndi ulusi wosakanizidwa.

 

二.Kulimbitsa njira ya konkriti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo

 

1. Chiphunzitso cha makina ophatikizana. Chiphunzitso cha makina ophatikizana chimachokera ku chiphunzitso cha makina ophatikizana opitilira komanso kuphatikiza ndi makhalidwe ogawa a ulusi wachitsulo mu konkire. Mu chiphunzitsochi, makina ophatikizana amaonedwa ngati magawo awiri okhala ndi ulusi ngati gawo limodzi ndi matrix ngati gawo lina.

 

Chiphunzitso cha mtunda wa ulusi. Chiphunzitso cha mtunda wa ulusi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chiphunzitso cha kugundana kwa ming'alu, chikuperekedwa kutengera njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana. Chiphunzitsochi chimanena kuti mphamvu yolimbitsa ulusi imangogwirizana ndi mtunda wa ulusi womwe umagawidwa mofanana (mtunda wocheperako).

 

三.Kusanthula momwe konkriti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo imapangidwira

 

1.Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo.Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo ndi mtundu wa konkire yolimbikitsidwa yofanana komanso yolunjika mbali zambiri yopangidwa powonjezera ulusi wochepa wa chitsulo chopanda mpweya, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi ulusi wa FRP mu konkire wamba. Kuchuluka kwa ulusi wachitsulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1% ~ 2% ndi voliyumu, pomwe ulusi wachitsulo wa 70 ~ 100kg umasakanizidwa mu mita iliyonse ya konkire ndi kulemera. Kutalika kwa ulusi wachitsulo kuyenera kukhala 25 ~ 60mm, m'mimba mwake kuyenera kukhala 0.25 ~ 1.25mm, ndipo chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake chiyenera kukhala 50 ~ 700. Poyerekeza ndi konkire wamba, sikungowonjezera mphamvu yokoka, kumeta, kupindika, kutopa ndi ming'alu, komanso kumawonjezera kwambiri kulimba kwa kusweka ndi kukana kwa mphamvu ya konkire, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri kukana kutopa ndi kulimba kwa kapangidwe, makamaka kulimba kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 10 ~ 20. Kapangidwe ka makina ka konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo ndi konkire wamba kamayerekezeredwa ku China. Pamene ulusi wachitsulo uli 15% ~ 20% ndipo chiŵerengero cha simenti yamadzi chili 0.45, mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka ndi 50% ~ 70%, mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka ndi 120% ~ 180%, mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka ndi nthawi 10 ~ 20, mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka ndi nthawi 15 ~ 20, kulimba kwa kukoka kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi 14 ~ 20, ndipo kukana kutopa kumawonjezekanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, konkriti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zakuthupi komanso zamakanika kuposa konkriti wamba.

2. Konkireti ya ulusi wosakanizidwa. Deta yofunikira yofufuza ikuwonetsa kuti ulusi wachitsulo sulimbikitsa kwambiri mphamvu yokakamiza ya konkire, kapena kuichepetsa; Poyerekeza ndi konkire wamba, pali malingaliro abwino ndi oipa (kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa) kapena ngakhale apakati pa kusalowa, kukana kuwonongeka, kukhudzidwa ndi kukana kuwonongeka kwa konkire wolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo komanso kupewa kuchepa kwa konkire koyambirira kwa pulasitiki. Kuphatikiza apo, konkire wolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo uli ndi mavuto ena, monga kuchuluka kwa mlingo, mtengo wokwera, dzimbiri komanso kukana kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha moto, komwe kwakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mosiyanasiyana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri ena akunyumba ndi akunja adayamba kulabadira konkire wosakanikirana ndi ulusi (HFRC), kuyesera kusakaniza ulusi ndi makhalidwe ndi zabwino zosiyanasiyana, kuphunzira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndikupatsa "zotsatira zabwino zosakanikirana" pamlingo wosiyana ndi magawo okweza kuti awonjezere makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a konkire, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ponena za makhalidwe ake osiyanasiyana a makina, makamaka kutopa kwake komanso kuwonongeka kwa kutopa, lamulo la chitukuko cha kusinthika ndi makhalidwe a kuwonongeka pansi pa katundu wosasunthika komanso wosinthasintha komanso kuchuluka kosalekeza kapena kuchuluka kwa kusinthasintha kwa ma cyclic amplitude, kuchuluka koyenera kosakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi wosakaniza, ubale pakati pa zigawo za zinthu zophatikizika, mphamvu yolimbitsa ndi njira yolimbitsa, magwiridwe antchito oletsa kutopa, njira yolephera ndi ukadaulo womanga, Mavuto a kapangidwe ka kusakaniza ayenera kuphunziridwa mozama.

3. Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo.Konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa monolithic si yosavuta kusakaniza mofanana, ulusiwo ndi wosavuta kusonkhana, kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera, zomwe zimakhudza momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri. Kudzera mu machitidwe ambiri aukadaulo ndi kafukufuku wamalingaliro, mtundu watsopano wa kapangidwe ka ulusi wachitsulo, konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo wosanjikiza (LSFRC), ikuperekedwa. Ulusi wochepa wachitsulo umagawidwa mofanana pamwamba ndi pansi pa msewu, ndipo pakati pake ndi wosanjikiza wamba wa konkire. Ulusi wachitsulo mu LSFRC nthawi zambiri umagawidwa pamanja kapena pamakina. Ulusi wachitsulo ndi wautali, ndipo chiŵerengero cha m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa 70 ~ 120, kusonyeza kugawa kwa magawo awiri. Popanda kukhudza mawonekedwe a makina, izi sizimangochepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ulusi wachitsulo, komanso zimapewa kuchitika kwa kusakanikirana kwa ulusi wachitsulo pakusakaniza konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wophatikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, malo a wosanjikiza wachitsulo mu konkire amakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya konkire. Mphamvu yolimbitsa ya wosanjikiza wachitsulo pansi pa konkire ndi yabwino kwambiri. Pamene malo a wosanjikiza wachitsulo akukwera mmwamba, mphamvu yolimbitsa imachepa kwambiri. Mphamvu yopindika ya LSFRC ndi yoposa 35% kuposa ya konkriti wamba yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chomwecho cha kusakaniza, chomwe chili chocheperako pang'ono kuposa ya konkriti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo. Komabe, LSFRC imatha kusunga ndalama zambiri pazinthu, ndipo palibe vuto losakaniza kovuta. Chifukwa chake, LSFRC ndi chinthu chatsopano chokhala ndi maubwino abwino azachuma komanso azachuma komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino, chomwe chikuyenera kutchuka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga misewu.

 

4.Konkireti yosakanikirana yokhala ndi ulusi wosakanizidwa.Konkireti yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wosakanikirana (LHFRC) ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa powonjezera ulusi wa polypropylene wa 0.1% pogwiritsa ntchito LSFRC ndikugawa mofanana ulusi wambiri wa polypropylene wopyapyala komanso waufupi wokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokoka komanso kutalika kwakukulu mu konkireti yachitsulo chapamwamba ndi chapansi komanso konkire yapakati. Imatha kuthana ndi kufooka kwa konkireti yapakatikati ya LSFRC ndikupewa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha chitetezo pambuyo poti ulusi wachitsulo pamwamba watha. LHFRC ikhoza kuwonjezera kwambiri mphamvu yosinthasintha ya konkire. Poyerekeza ndi konkire yamba, mphamvu yake yosinthasintha ya konkire yamba imawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 20%, ndipo poyerekeza ndi LSFRC, mphamvu yake yosinthasintha imawonjezeka ndi 2.6%, koma siikhudza kwambiri modulus yosinthasintha ya konkire. Modulus yosinthasintha ya LHFRC ndi yokwera ndi 1.3% kuposa ya konkire yamba ndipo ndi yotsika ndi 0.3% kuposa ya LSFRC. LHFRC ingathandizenso kwambiri kulimba kwa konkire, ndipo chiŵerengero chake cha kulimba kwa konkire ndi pafupifupi nthawi 8 kuposa konkire wamba ndi nthawi 1.3 kuposa LSFRC. Komanso, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana a ulusi awiri kapena kuposerapo mu LHFRC mu konkire, malinga ndi zosowa za uinjiniya, zotsatira zabwino za ulusi wopangidwa ndi ulusi wachitsulo mu konkire zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kulimba, kulimba, kulimba, mphamvu ya ming'alu, mphamvu ya kulimba ndi mphamvu yokoka ya zinthuzo, kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya zinthuzo.

——Ndemanga (Zomangamanga za Shanxi, Vol. 38, No. 11, Chen Huiqing)