Pamene kutentha kwa chilimwe kukutha ndipo mpweya ukutentha, chiyembekezo chimadzaza mitima ya anthu mamiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa anthu aku China ndi okonda chikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi ino ya chaka imasonyeza kufika kwa Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn—tchuthi chodzaza ndi mbiri yakale, zizindikiro, komanso chikhumbo cha anthu onse cholumikizana. Chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Chikondwerero cha Mwezi kapena Zhongqiu Jie mu Chimandarini, chimafika pa tsiku la 15 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu, pomwe mwezi umakhulupirira kuti uli wozungulira kwambiri, wowala kwambiri, komanso wowala kwambiri. Chochitika chakumwambachi chimagwira ntchito ngati fanizo lamphamvu la umphumphu, kukumananso kwa mabanja, ndi maubwenzi okhalitsa omwe amapitilira mtunda. Kupatula tsiku limodzi lokha lopuma, Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn ndi mwambo wamoyo, wophatikiza pamodzi nthano zakale, mizu yaulimi, ndi zikondwerero zamakono kukhala nsalu yokongoletsera yomwe imalemekeza zakale pamene ikukumbatira zamakono.
Chiyambi: Nthano, Zokolola, ndi Mizu Yakale
Chiyambi cha Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn chinayambira zaka zoposa 3,000, chozikidwa pa miyambo yothandiza yaulimi komanso nthano zodziwika bwino. Zizindikiro zake zoyambirira zimapezeka mu Ufumu wa Shang (1600–1046 BCE), pomwe anthu akale aku China ankachita miyambo yolambira mwezi. Mosiyana ndi misonkhano yachikondwerero ya masiku ano, miyambo yoyambirira iyi inali yokhudza kuyamikira mulungu wa mwezi chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri. Alimi ankakhulupirira kuti kuzungulira kwa mwezi kumakhudza kukula kwa mbewu—kuwala kwake kofatsa kumatsogolera kuthirira usiku ndi magawo ake osonyeza nthawi yoyenera kubzala ndi kukolola. Kulemekeza mwezi sikunali kokha chinthu chauzimu koma njira yotsimikizira kuti mtsogolomu zinthu zikuyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa chikondwererocho kukhala chogwirizana kwambiri ndi kayendedwe ka chilengedwe.
Pamene nthawi inkapita, miyambo yaulimiyi inagwirizana ndi nthano ndi nthano, zomwe zinapangitsa chikondwererochi kukhala chodziwika bwino. Nkhani yodziwika kwambiri mwa nthanozi ndi nkhani ya Chang'e, Mulungu wamkazi wa Mwezi, nkhani yomwe yakhala ikudutsa m'mibadwomibadwo ndipo idakali yofunika kwambiri pa zikondwerero za Mid-Autumn lerolino. Malinga ndi nthanoyi, Chang'e anali mkazi wa Hou Yi, katswiri woponya mivi. Kale, dzuwa khumi linkatuluka limodzi kumwamba, kutentha dziko lapansi ndikuopseza anthu ndi chilala. Hou Yi anagwetsa dzuwa zisanu ndi zinayi, kupulumutsa dziko lapansi, ndipo anapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa kusafa. Anapereka mankhwala oletsa kusafa kwa Chang'e kuti asunge, akumuuza kuti asamwe. Komabe, mnzake wadyera wa Hou Yi anayesa kuba mankhwala oletsa kusafa pamene anali kutali. Kuti ateteze, Chang'e anamwa mankhwala oletsa kusafa yekha ndipo anayandama kupita ku mwezi, komwe wakhala akukhala kuyambira pamenepo, limodzi ndi kalulu wa jade yekha. Chaka chilichonse pa Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn, anthu amayang'ana mwezi, akuyembekeza kuwona Chang'e ndi kalulu wake, ndikutumiza zikhumbo zawo za kukumananso ndi chisangalalo kwa okondedwa awo apafupi ndi akutali.
Munthu wina wofunika kwambiri mu nthano za Mid-Autumn ndi Wu Gang, wodula nkhuni amene milungu inamulanga kuti adule mtengo wa osmanthus wosafa pamwezi. Kaya adule bwanji, mtengowo umachira wokha usiku wonse, kumupatsa ntchito yosatha. Mtengo wa osmanthus wakhala chizindikiro cha chikondwererochi—maluwa ake onunkhira bwino omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makeke ndi tiyi, ndipo chithunzi chake chimakongoletsa nyali ndi zokongoletsera. Pamodzi, nkhani za Chang'e ndi Wu Gang zimawonjezera kuzama ndi matsenga ku chikondwererochi, kusandutsa chikondwerero chosavuta chokolola kukhala chochitika chachikhalidwe chodzaza ndi malingaliro ndi tanthauzo.
Kusintha kwa Chikondwerero: Kuchokera ku Miyambo ya Ufumu kupita ku Zikondwerero Zapadziko Lonse
Ngakhale kuti chiyambi cha Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn ndi chakale, mawonekedwe ake amakono asintha kwa zaka mazana ambiri, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mafumu, kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe. Mu nthawi ya Ufumu wa Tang (618–907 CE), chikondwererochi chinayamba kukhala chachikondwerero kwambiri. Mabanja achifumu ankachita maphwando akuluakulu pansi pa mwezi, komwe olemba ndakatulo ankalemba mavesi otamanda kukongola kwa mwezi, ndipo oimba ankaimba nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Anthu wamba nawonso ankasonkhana, kusonkhana ndi mabanja kuti agawane chakudya, kuwulutsa nyali, ndikusilira mwezi. Panthawiyi, makeke a mooncakes—omwe tsopano ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino kwambiri pa chikondwererochi—anayamba kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chikondwererochi, ngakhale poyamba anali makeke osavuta odzaza ndi nyemba zotsekemera kapena phala la mbewu ya lotus.
Ufumu wa Nyimbo (960–1279 CE) unasintha kwambiri Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn, chifukwa chinakhala tchuthi chovomerezeka. Kutchuka kwa makeke a mooncakes kunakula, ndipo anayamba kupangidwa m'mawonekedwe ndi zokometsera zambiri, nthawi zambiri zolembedwa ndi mapangidwe a mwezi, Chang'e, kapena maluwa a osmanthus. Nyali zinakhalanso gawo lalikulu la zikondwererozo—zopangidwa mwaluso m'mawonekedwe a nyama, maluwa, ndi zolengedwa za m'nthano, zinkayatsidwa ndikunyamulidwa m'misewu, kusandutsa usiku kukhala nyanja ya kuwala. Nthawi imeneyi inawonanso kukwera kwa "maphwando owonera mwezi," komwe akatswiri ndi ojambula ankasonkhana m'minda, kumwa vinyo, ndikukambirana za filosofi pamene akuyang'ana mwezi. Misonkhano imeneyi inathandiza kulimbitsa mbiri ya chikondwererochi ngati nthawi yoganizira, kupanga zinthu zatsopano, ndi kusinthana nzeru.
Ndi mafumu a Ming (1368–1644 CE) ndi Qing (1644–1912 CE), Chikondwerero cha Mid-Autumn chinali mwambo wokondedwa pakati pa magulu onse a anthu. Makeke a mooncakes adakula kwambiri, ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mazira amchere pakati—kuyimira mwezi wathunthu—ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zodzaza, kuphatikiza nyemba zofiira, mbewu za lotus, komanso zakudya zokoma monga ham. Chikondwererochi chinakhalanso nthawi yopereka mphatso, pamene anthu ankasinthana makeke a mooncakes ndi zipatso ndi abwenzi, abale, ndi anzawo ngati chizindikiro cha kukoma mtima. M'madera ena, miyambo yapadera idabuka: mwachitsanzo, ku Guangdong Province, anthu ankachita zochitika za "malangizo a lantern", komwe maleko ankalembedwa pa nyali, ndipo omwe adawathetsa adapambana mphoto zazing'ono. Ku Fujian Province, mabanja ankaulutsa nyali zakumwamba, kulemba zofuna zawo pa nyali asanazitulutse mumlengalenga wausiku, komwe zimayandama mmwamba ngati nyenyezi zazing'ono.
M'zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 21, Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn chadutsa chiyambi chake cha ku China kukhala chikondwerero chapadziko lonse lapansi. Pamene madera aku China akufalikira padziko lonse lapansi—kuyambira ku Singapore ndi Malaysia mpaka ku United States ndi Europe—anabweretsa chikondwererochi, kuchisintha kuti chigwirizane ndi zikhalidwe zakomweko pamene akusunga miyambo yake yayikulu. M'mizinda ngati New York, London, ndi Sydney, zochitika zapakati pa Autumn zimakhala ndi magule a chinjoka, ziwonetsero za mikango, zowonetsera nyali, ndi malo ogulitsira zakudya zogulitsa makeke a mooncakes ndi zakudya zina zaku China. Zikondwererozi sizimangogwirizanitsa madera aku China komanso zimawonetsa kukongola ndi tanthauzo la chikondwererochi kwa anthu amitundu yonse, kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsana ndi kuyamikirana pakati pa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Zikondwerero Zamakono: Kulemekeza Mwambo M'dziko Losintha
Masiku ano, Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn chikadali nthawi yokumananso ndi mabanja, ngakhale kuti moyo wamakono wawonjezera kusintha kwatsopano ku miyambo yakale. Kwa anthu ambiri, chikondwererochi chimayamba ndi chakudya chamadzulo cha banja—phwando la zakudya zachikhalidwe monga bakha wokazinga, nkhumba yophikidwa, ndi nkhanu zamadzi oyera, zonse zikuyimira kuchuluka ndi chitukuko. Pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, mabanja amasonkhana panja (kapena pafupi ndi zenera, ngati nyengo ili yoipa) kuti akasangalale ndi mwezi wathunthu, nthawi zambiri akudya makeke a mooncakes ndikumwa vinyo wa osmanthus kapena tiyi. Makeke a mooncakes, makamaka, asintha kuti agwirizane ndi zokonda zamakono: ngakhale zokometsera zakale monga mbewu ya lotus ndi nyemba zofiira zikudziwikabe, tsopano pali makeke a mooncakes "atsopano" odzazidwa ndi chokoleti, ayisikilimu, matcha, kapena ngakhale caramel yamchere. Mabuki ena amaperekanso makeke a mooncakes "athanzi", opangidwa ndi zodzaza shuga zochepa kapena crusts ya tirigu wonse, zomwe zimapatsa ogula omwe amasamala zaumoyo.
Nyali ndi chizindikiro china chokhalitsa cha chikondwererochi, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake kasintha malinga ndi nthawi. Nyali zachikhalidwe zamapepala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimajambulidwa ndi manja ndi zithunzi zochokera ku nthano za ku China, zikadali zodziwika, koma tsopano zimagawana kuwala ndi nyali za LED—zowala, zokongola, komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. M'mizinda ina, zowonetsera nyali zazikulu zimayikidwa m'mapaki kapena m'mabwalo a anthu ambiri, zomwe zimakopa makamu a alendo. Chimodzi mwa zowonetsera zodziwika kwambiri chili ku Victoria Park ku Hong Kong, komwe nyali zambirimbiri (kuphatikizapo nyali yayikulu yooneka ngati mwezi) zimawunikira thambo la usiku, ndikupanga mlengalenga wamatsenga.
Kwa mibadwo yachinyamata, Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn ndi nthawi yosangalala komanso yocheza. Achinyamata ambiri amakonza "maphwando owonera mwezi" ndi anzawo, komwe amasewera masewera, kujambula zithunzi ndi nyali, ndikugawana ma mooncakes. M'zaka zaposachedwa, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akhala ndi gawo pa chikondwererochi: anthu amaika zithunzi za chakudya chamadzulo cha mabanja awo, zowonetsera nyali, kapena ma mooncakes pamapulatifomu monga WeChat, Instagram, ndi TikTok, kugawana chisangalalo chawo ndi anzawo ndi otsatira padziko lonse lapansi. Makampani ena agwiritsanso ntchito njira ya Mid-Autumn, kutulutsa ma mooncakes ochepa kapena kugwirizana ndi ojambula kuti apange mapangidwe apadera a nyali, kuphatikiza miyambo ndi malonda amakono.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zasintha masiku ano, tanthauzo lalikulu la Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn silinasinthe: ndi chikondwerero cha umodzi, kuyamikira, ndi chiyembekezo. M'dziko lomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda, ntchito, kapena zochita zambiri, chikondwererochi chimatikumbutsa kufunika kochepetsa liwiro, kulumikizana ndi okondedwa, ndikusangalala ndi zosangalatsa zosavuta za moyo. Kaya mwasonkhana mozungulira tebulo la chakudya chamadzulo ndi banja, kusangalala ndi nyali m'paki, kapena kutumiza keke kwa mnzanu wakutali, Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn ndi nthawi yolemekeza zakale, kuyamikira zomwe zilipo, ndikuyembekezera tsogolo lodzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi kukumananso.
Mapeto: Chikondwerero cha Nyengo Zonse
Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn si tchuthi chabe—ndi chuma cha chikhalidwe, umboni wa mphamvu yokhalitsa ya miyambo, komanso chikondwerero cha chikhumbo cha anthu chofuna kulumikizana. Kuyambira pachiyambi chake chodzichepetsa monga mwambo waulimi ku China wakale mpaka kukhala chikondwerero chapadziko lonse lapansi, chikondwererochi chakhala chikusintha ndi nthawi, komabe sichinaiwale mfundo zake zazikulu: banja, kuyamikira, ndi kukongola kwa mwezi.
Pamene tikuyang'ana mwezi wathunthu pa tsiku la 15 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu, sitikungoyang'ana thupi lakumwamba—tikugwirizana ndi mwambo wakale wa zaka 3,000, mndandanda wa zikumbutso ndi zikondwerero zomwe zimatigwirizanitsa ndi makolo athu komanso wina ndi mnzake. Timaganizira za Chang'e ndi nyumba yake yokhayokha pamwezi, za Wu Gang ndi ntchito yake yosatha, za alimi omwe akuthokoza chifukwa cha zokolola zabwino, komanso za mabanja omwe akukumananso pambuyo pa miyezi yosiyana. Panthawi imeneyo, tonsefe ndife gawo la chinthu chachikulu kuposa ife—gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lomangidwa ndi nkhani zomwe anthu amagawana, miyambo yomwe anthu amagawana, ndi ziyembekezo zomwe anthu amagawana.
Kotero Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa Autumn, tengani kamphindi kuti muyime. Idyani keke ya mwezi, yatsani nyali, ndikuyang'ana mwezi. Tumizani chikhumbo kwa wokondedwa wanu, kapena ingokhalani chete ndikuyamikira kukongola kwa usiku. Pochita izi, simukungokondwerera chikondwerero—mukusunga mwambo, womwe udzapitirira kuwala, ngati mwezi wathunthu, kwa mibadwo ikubwerayi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Seputembala 30-2025